Tercios in Warlords' Pike & Shotte

 

I have played Warlord's Pike & Shotte rules lots of times. But the way the interaction of the pike and shotte units is handled by the rules always seemed somewhat generic to me. 

This is of course partly caused by the fact these units interacted with each other in numerous different ways, depending on -for example- the exact period of time and nationality of the armies. 

Nowhere is this more apparent than in the later years of the Dutch Revolt or, as we Dutch prefer to call it: the Eighty Years War. Because in this period the classical Spanish tercios clashed with the (then) modern Dutch Battallions which led to an especially spectacular result in the Battle of Nieuwpoort in 1600. 

We have played Nieuwpoort a number of times and the way the differences between the tercios and the Dutch battalions was portrayed never sat well with me.

Our Nieuwpoort table in 10mm. 

The P&S rules state (p29) that a Tercio has a large number of pike in the center and large and deep sleeves of shot on the flanks. Battallions are formed from smaller units of pike in the center and shallow and wider sleeves of shot on the flanks. But the rules offer no more more than this formation suggestion. How tercios and battalions behave is up to the players.   

So I ventured to think of a better way. 

The Spanish Tercio

Tercios as a battle formation were at the time over a century old. They grew out of the need to defend themselves against shock cavalry which requiered big (between 2000 and 3000 men) and dense formations armed with pike to repel- and supporting infantry armed with projectile weapons to counterattack cavalry. Around 1600 Tercios employed pike and shot in about a 3 to 2 ratio, although sources state that at Nieuwpoort it was actually nearly 1 on 1. 

Contemporary ilustration of the Spanish main force at Nieuwpoort. 

Against other infantry the dense pike formation could gain tremendous momentum and push opponents out of its way. 

Of course such maneuvers requiered drill and discipline to move in such a large formatrion in the first place. Maneuvers would never be fast, but at least the formation was strong and could fight in any direction.

On the other hand, they were very vulnerable to another modern weapon: artillery. To withstand that, tercios had to be extremely resilient. So tercios would have to be large, strong, multi-fronted and resilient. But should also pay the price for this by being slow and have to concentrate firepower on a relatively narrow front. Also, shotte units should be requiered not to stray too far from the pike block as to prtect themselves from cavalry. 

The Dutch Battalion

History tells us that the Dutch Battalion as introduced by Maurits in the late 1500s was very different. First they were much smaller than the tercios; between 500 and 750 men. The Dutch army was split up in many battallions, while a Spanish army was usually made up of just a few tercios. 

Battallions were extremely well drilled and could maneuver much faster and more flexible, bringing their firepower to bear where desired. While a battalion's front was narrow, their maneuverability enabled them to cover each other's flanks and widen the front where their firepower could be brought to bear. And just like a tercio they could seek cover in bastion formations with shotte covering beneath or behind the pikes. 

So in a one-on-one fight against a tercio their odds were slim. But being able to concentrate their fire and evade direct contact they could wear down a tercio until cavalry could finish the job.

So, how could this translate into rules?  

Special rules Tercio

• A tercio is a combined formation made up of one Large or Very Large (see below) pike block and 4 Small or Standard shotte units. 
• The Tercio may form hedgehog. 
• All 5 units move within the following restraints:
• The shotte always maintains contact with the pike block unless broken, disordered or shaken. This means staying within at least Support distance.
• When separated the separated unit is obliged to seek contact with the pike block before all else.
• The shotte may move around the pike block. For example to form a hedgehog formation, facilitate close combat for the pikes or relocate firepower.
• Otherwise the 5 units move as one. 
• The units support each other. A breaking unit may thus trigger more break tests. 
• The units may be targeted, take hits and casualties individually and also make break tests individually. 
• The Tercio counts as one target for targeting purposes. As long as a shooting unit has line of sight to a unit that is a part of the Tercio, that unit may be fired upon, disregarding the rules about closest target. 
• Spanish Tercios are Elite 4+. 

Very Large Formation: 10 Hand-to-hand, Stamina 6

A 10mm large Tercio

Special rules Dutch Battallion

• A formation consisting of a Standard pike block and a Standard shotte unit. 
• The shotte unit may join in front or behind the pike block or split up and be positioned as sleeves. In all cases they operate as a Standard shotte unit. 
• The Battallion may form hedgehog. 
• The shotte always maintains contact with the pike block unless broken, disordered or shaken. This means staying within at least Support distance.
• When separated the separated unit is obliged to seek contact with the pike block before all else.
• The shotte may move around the pike block. For example to form a hedgehog formation, facilitate close combat for the pikes or relocate firepower.
• Otherwise the 2 units move as one. 
• The units support each other. A breaking unit may thus trigger more break tests. 
• The units may be targeted, take hits and casualties individually and also make break tests individually. 
• Dutch Battlions are Superbly Drilled. 

Dutch battalia seen from Nieuwpoort

How this played for us: 

We used the rules in (of course) a Nieuwpoort scenario. This played more or less as history tells us it should. 

The Dutch deployed across the beach and into the dunes with their backs to Nieuwpoort in 3 lines of 8 battalions each with their cavalry on the right and artillery up front. 

The Spanish deployed their 4 main tercios in a diamond shape opposite the Dutch, won the Initiative and started to advance, their cavalry on their left and taking their sparse artillery with them. 

The Dutch managed to concentrate their fire on the two lead tercios. While very tough, the casualties mounted in the Spanish ranks, especially when they came into range of the Dutch cannons. 

In the meantime the Spanish cavalry advanced through the dunes and came to grips with their Dutch counterpart. faring a lot better than they did historically they drove back the Dutch horse and threatened the Dutch right flank. 

On the beach however, the tercios suffered. Almost coming to grips with the Dutch, those profited from their Superbly Drilled status and withdrew at the last possible moment, leaving a fresh Dutch battle line to take the brunt. Battallions that broke were replaced from the 3rd line. The Spanish reserve tried to catch up with their cavalr on the left but failed to make enough speed. 

It could not last. 

Alreadly the first Tercio had lost its shot sleeves and failed its morale check and broke. But now the second and third suffered the same fate. Their army broken, the Spanish started to withdraw, leaving the beach to the Dutch. 

Battle of Nieuwpoort 1600 AD on BOD Anniversay Day!

"My" wargamesclub is celebrating its 20th Anniversay! And how can you celebrate such an event than with a wargaming day? I wouldn't know.

Pictures of the day, starting with my game of the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600 AD) that was spectacularly won by the Dutch in reality and just as spectacularly lost by them today.....

Millin' around in 10mm Pike & Shotte

I always say there's no real Pike & Shotte wargame without a windmill stuck somewhere in a corner of the table. Dunno why, maybe it's because I'm Dutch, but in battles with pikes, big boots and wide-brimmed feathered hats there should be a windmill in the background. And I did not have one yet, so I decided to make one. 

The sails gave me the most food for thought. 10mm is a small scale and I really liked the squared structure of the sails to be there, as they are so iconic for a windmill. But how to make such a fine structure that would still be able to hold up against the rigors of gaming? 

Then I came upon the solution of a strip of flyscreen stuck to a narrow strip of plasticard (below) which turned out to be perfect! 

I decided to make the base and body of the mill from foamboard, which is easy, light and strong.

The top of the structure is a simple house-shaped box. Details would be added later through timbering. The roof was made from simple cardboard from the backing of a notepad.

The base is a square-footed pyramid. Slivers of wood (cut from coffee stirrers and such) were glued to the base to resemble timbering. The base was glued upon an old credit card.

The upper structure is mainly timber. Slivers of cut coffee stirrer were glued to the foamboard box....

...and cut to shape with clippers. 

I decided on a thatched roof made from a cheap towel (see below) glued on top of the cardboard roof and then the upper structure was glued (using a hot glue gun) to the base.

The same glue gun was used to attach the sails to a pin, which was then stuck into the upper structure. 

 And now the windmill starts to look like one. There is a door in the back with a stairs leading down.

Here are some 10mm Pendraken figures shown for scale.















And below there's the windmill painted. Sprayed black, highlighted dark brown, grey and light tan with some flock added to the base and the roof in some places.

And some bases painted in recent weeks shown for good measure. Cuirassier and Croat command bases....

...and a heavy gun

More 10mm Pike & Shotte: Battle of Fleurus AAR

A few weeks ago we played the battle of Fleurus at the club. Our growing 10mm armies easily filled a medium table as the Catholic Spanish force clashed with the German Protestant army. Above the Protestant line of battle, classically made up of battalias in the center, ordnance up front and cavalry in reserve at the back.

Below the Spanish line, likewise deployed, only with their cavalry in classic fashion divided between the flanks.

On the right the Protestant Cavalry moves to the right wing in an attempt to
outweigh their Spanish counterparts there.
The Spanish did not counter the move, hoping to get the advantage where their cavalry would have the upper hand.

An overview of the entire battlefield.

Below Protestant Cavalry masses for the attack....

... while the infantry in the center awaits their moment. At this time the Spanish were advancing and Protestant guns were at play.

The Protestant gambit paid off. The Spanish failed to mount a coordinated attack on their right wing where their cavalry outnumbered the Germans and were stalled and driven back piecemeal. 

On the German right on the other hand the mass of German cavalry charged their Spanish counterparts and despite fierce resistance eventually overwhelmed and destroyed them. They then proceeded to threaten the Spanish tercios there who where obliged to withdraw into hedgehog formation. These in turn suffered terribly from Protestant guns and musket fire and were eventually broken by the attacking German infantry. On the left the Protestant still held on, but their fight was over: the Spanish broke and withdrew! 

A most unhistorical and convincing victory for the Protestant cause. Figures used were mostly 10mm Pendraken. Rules were Warlord Games' excellent Pike & Shotte rules. Great game and many thanks to Gerco, Ivo, Rob and Patrick for participating in it!